“El caricaturista realiza la\u00a0zincograf\u00eda<\/strong>, que es una placa en zinc, a mediados de 1912. Y no sabemos por qu\u00e9 raz\u00f3n el impresor no la public\u00f3. En enero muere Posada y es hasta\u00a0noviembre de 1913<\/strong>cuando sale impresa La Catrina”, cuenta Agust\u00edn S\u00e1nchez, quien asegura que lo que hizo el impresor fue utilizar esa imagen de Posada “para hacer una calavera fif\u00ed, una calavera garbancera”.<\/p>\n\n\n\nLa leyenda cuenta que “Garbancera”<\/strong> es una palabra con la que a principios del siglo XX se conoc\u00eda a las personas que vend\u00edan garbanza y que teniendo sangre ind\u00edgena pretend\u00edan ser europeos<\/strong>, y con ello renegaban de su propia raza, de su herencia y su cultura.<\/p>\n\n\n\nS\u00e1nchez precisa, tras varios a\u00f1os de investigaciones, que es hasta los a\u00f1os 20 cuando se publica la primera monograf\u00eda dedicada a Jos\u00e9 Guadalupe Posada y es ah\u00ed cuando se publica la calavera, “pero no se le dio ninguna importancia y qued\u00f3 como el nombre de Calavera Catrina. Sin embargo, no sabemos de d\u00f3nde sacaron el nombre porque\u00a0Posada ni el impresor la bautizaron<\/strong>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPasados los a\u00f1os, relata Agust\u00edn S\u00e1nchez, en M\u00e9xico empezaron a reivindicar a Posada “como unfen\u00f3meno nacionalista y revolucionario<\/strong>“, y agrega que Diego Rivera, como muchos otros artistas que buscaban generar una cultura nacionalista, fue uno de los creadores que empieza a impulsar a Jos\u00e9 Guadalupe Posada.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUn hecho muy importante para el gran impulso que se le dio a La Catrina o Calavera Garbancera fue que en los a\u00f1os 40 Diego Rivera hizo el mural\u00a0“Sue\u00f1o de una tarde dominical en la Alameda Central”<\/strong>\u00a0en el que le da un lugar especial a La Catrina, ya ataviada con elegantes ropajes, y adem\u00e1s retoma a Posada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n“Es en ese momento que se empiezan a pintar calaveras por todas partes y empieza a reivindicarse la figura de Posada. De tal suerte que en 1952, cuando se cumple el centenario de nacimiento de Posada, el Palacio de Bellas Artes hace una gran exposici\u00f3n dedicada a \u00e9l y en el cat\u00e1logo de esa muestra ya aparece La Catrina”, afirma S\u00e1nchez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Es entonces cuando La Catrina empieza a ser famosa e importante; es decir, solo han pasado 70 a\u00f1os.<\/strong> “La Catrina no era nada, pero para el fen\u00f3meno del nacionalismo ideol\u00f3gico mexicano se convirti\u00f3 en un elemento muy importante y es entonces que se empieza a inventar que era parte de la cultura prehisp\u00e1nica”, agreg\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\nEl escritor e historiador de la caricatura y del humor gr\u00e1fico, asegura que los cartones y los dibujos de Posada no tiene nada que ver con lo prehisp\u00e1nico, “sino con la visi\u00f3n de la muerte renacentista, con las danzas macabras, m\u00e1s con Holbein que con los mexicas”, incluso insiste en que la visi\u00f3n de Posada es ante todo m\u00e1s occidental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Con Informaci\u00f3n de SUN <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Por Redacci\u00f3n QP Conoce la verdadera historia documentada por el historiador Agust\u00edn S\u00e1nchez Detr\u00e1s de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":86148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura"],"yoast_head":"\n
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